SUN-raster, 206 TIFF, 58, 61, 206 USGS DOQ, 60

USGS SDTS, 61

intensity (IHS model), 238 interpolation, 157

bilinear, 108

IDW, 108, 160, 167

inverse distance weighted See also

interpolation, IDW, 160 kriging, 175 large data sets, 166 multivariate, 171 nearest neighbor, 108 precipitation, 171 quality analysis (density), 342 quality analysis (ECDF), 341 RST, 108, 160

comparison to IDW, 167

deviations, 165

estimating accuracy, 165

evaluate accuracy, 161

overshoots, 163

segmented processing, 166

smoothing, 163

tension, 161

trivariate, 174

tuning parameters, 160

visible segments, 161, 167 selecting method, 157 sharp edges, 171 splines (general), 175

splines See also interpolation, RST, 1 71

topographic influence, 171

visible segments, 150

volume-temporal, 174 interspersion, 112 IR-DOQQ, 307

isolines, 10, 107

JAVA, 12, 273 join, 367 JPEG format import, 61

kernel density, 342, 349

konqueror, 27

kriging, 175, 329

gstat, 329 labels

vector, 147 Lambert Conformal Conic, 19 Lambertian reflector, 225 land cover factor, 289 land use class, 214 land use/land cover maps, 242

LANDSAT-TM5, 203, 205, 228, 239

LANDSAT-TM7, 207, 212, 222, 228, 240-241 landscape structure analysis, 130

latitude-longitude, 17, 467, 78, 82, 110, 127,

168, 208, 216 lattice, 9

length-slope factor, 289 libgrass, 356 LIDAR, 166, 257

line length

vector map, 142 line of sight, 127

lines, 8-9, 1 31 location, 25, 35, 39, 383 auto-generate, 58, 280

create Latitude-Longitude, 355

create State Plane, 42, 302

create UTM, 39 create xy, 44, 206-207

create, 35, 39

creating new, 34

generating automated, 207

remove, 34 look up table See also LUT, 210 low pass filtering, 234 lpr, 198 ls, 71

LUT, 210, 222

lynx, 27

m.in.e00, 71 m.sdts.read, 79 m.svfit, 156

Maas river bank soil pollution data, 327-328, 331, 344

mail, 90

make.mpeg, 193 map algebra, 9

See also r.mapcale, 99 map center coordinates, 127 map datum, 15, 20

NAD27, 19-20 NAD83, 19-20

transformation, 20

WGS84, 20

map design, 198 map extent, 55 map features, 9 map layers, 12 map legend, 86 map mosaic, 104 map printing, 196 map projection, 14

azimuthal, 16

conformal, 16

conic, 16

cylindrical, 16

equidistant, 16

equivalent, 16 map scale, 8, 151 map

import and geocoding scanned, 61 maps

bounding gap free import, 66 mapset, 25, 35, 39

search path, 33 MASK, 221, 279

creating with r.mapcalc, 104 See also r.mask, 97 matrix filters, 234 Maximum Likelihood classifier

See also MLC, 244

meshes, 10

metadata, 57, 90, 140, 206

vector, 133 Minnaert correction model, 226 mixed pixels, 244, 250

mkdir, 28

MLC, 245, 247, 269 MODISerra satellite, 208 monitor frames, 178

list of displayed maps, 88 multiple, 177

size, 179

split, 178 more, 367 movies

See also animations, 193 moving window, 233 MPEG format

export, 67 mpeg encode, 193 mplayer, 194 multimedia, 12 multispectral data, 203

reclassification, 242 multitemporal data

analysis, 204

visualization, 183 mv, 28, 34

national grid systems, 17 NDVl 101, 231 netpbm tools, 62, 67 netscape, 27 network file system, 55 NFS, 55

NHAP images, 208

nodes

vector, 9 noise distribution model, 118 normality tests, 156 North American Datum 1927, 20 North American Datum 1983, 20 NULL, 68, 91, 97-98, 100, 102

filling data holes in a raster maps, 98 nviz, 152, 155, 169, 183-184, 305

controlling light, 188

cutting planes, 190 displaying raster maps, 184-1855 displaying sites, 188 displaying vector maps, 188 exaggeration, 191 hardware acceleration, 195 key frame animations, 191 map queries, 189 multiple map layers, 184 multiple surfaces, 190 nested grids, 187 polygon resolution, 186 saving settings, 189 screen saving to file, 189 scripting, 194 surface properties, 185 view control, 185 object oriented GlS, 12

R data analysis software, 333 objects

geometrical, 8 oblique aerial photos, 253 oblique projection, 16 octtrees, 166 ODBC, 10, 306

OGR library, 49

OGR, 550 ogr2ogr, 50 ogrinfo, 50

Open Source software, 1, 327

OpenGL, 195, 273

optimal route, 122

optimum index factor method, 239

orbit, 204

geostationary, 204

polar, 204

order of polynomial, 219 order of transformation, 220 orthophoto, 253

camera definition, 261

elevation model, 261

exposure station parameters, 266

exterior orientation, 264

fiducial marks, 261

generating target LOCATION, 259

generating xy LOCATION, 260

generation, 257, 260

image group, 261

image-to-pholo, 263

interior orientation, 263

ortho-rectification parameters, 264

ortho-rectification, 265

pseudo, 257

target location, 261

true, 257 oversampling, 167

overshoot, 138 parallel processing, 169 parameter scans, 194 parser, 279 paste, 367

patching raster maps, 115 path radiance, 224 P, 231

PERL, 273,281, 356 PERMANENT, 26 permissions

file, 275 PHP, 273, 281 pipes, 67, 153 pixel, 9 plane

generate, 105 PNG driver See also driver, 181 PNG driver, 181, 199

PNG format

import, 61, 206

PNM format

import, 61 point data model, 10 POINTS file, 216 points, 9, 131

See also sites maps, 8 polygons, 68

vector, 9 polynomial transformation, 219 polynomial

order, 219

portability, 271

PostGIS, 21

PostgreSQL, 10, 69, 281, 306 Postscript output, 196

PPM format

export, 67 prevention measures factor, 289 prime meridian, 16 primitives,68

Principal Component Transformation

See also PCT, 231

profile curvature, 109

profile, 87

programmers manual, 282 programming

GRASS, 271 PROJ4, 46

projection support, 46 projection transformation, 46 projection

Lambert Conformal Conic, 19

map layer, 48

oblique, 16

raster map, 48

sites map, 48

Transverse Mercator, 19

transverse, 16

vector map, 48 ps.map, 196 ps.select, 197 pseudocolor, 211 pstoedit, 199

Public Domain software, 2 quadtrees, 166

Quantile-Quantile plot See also R, QQ plots, 349

R data analysis software See also R, 333 R, 156

as.factor(), 349

as.ordered(), 348

batch mode, 352 boxplot(), 340 c(), 348

cbind(), 340, 345, 349

class(), 335, 345 codes(), 348 colnames(), 349 colors, 337 contour.G(), 337, 350

contributed packages, 334 current region, 334 data(), 344

data.frame(), 336, 341, 345, 352

demo(), 334 density plots, 342 density(), 342 dev.copy2eps(), 338 dev.off(), 338 dim(), 340 ecdf(), 341 example(), 335 forO, 341

geoR package, 344

gmeta(), 344

help pages, 335 hist(), 349

history(), 338 identify(), 348 installation, 334 kdc2d.G(), 350

kernel density, 349

legend(), 348, 350 levels(), 348

library(), 335, 344 locator(), 343 log(), 347, 349

ls(), 337 mean(), 339

na.omit(), 337

names(), 336, 346

no-data values, 337

par(), 347, 349