maps, 133

rules, 133

vectors, 131 discrete data, 8 discrete field, 53 display, 62 distance map, 122

points to vector, 154 distance measurement, 253 diversity, 112 driver

HTMLMAP, 182

PNG, 181

x0 See also monitor, 177 DTD, 273 DTED format

import, 60 DXF format

export, 80

import, 74 DXF map

georeferencing, 75 E00 format

export, 79

import, 71 echo, 120, 280 edge detection, 234, 236 elevation data

LIDAR, 166 elevation model, 290

channels, 126

depressions, 125

generating vector lines, 107

interpolation from vector lines, 147

passes, 126

peaks, 126

pits, 126

planes, 126 re-interpolation resolution impact, 296 ridges, 126

shaded, 180

synthetic, 127 elevation, 11 ellipsoid, 14-15

Bessel, 19

Clarke 1866, 21

GRS80, 21

WGS84, 21 empirical cumulative distribution function

also R, ecdf(), 341 empirical cumulative distribution function, 353 EOF, 111 EPSG codes, 46 ERDAS/LAN format

import, 206 erosion

See also interpolation, 292

USPED, 322 risk, 298

RUSLE, 289 RUSLE3D, 289

topographic potential, 290

USLE, 289 USLE3D, 289

Etopo-5 DEM format

import, 60 excavated volume, 113 export

ARC/INFO ASCII GRID, 67 ASCII, 67 BIN, 67

ERDAS/LAN, 209

MPEG, 67

multi-channel data sets, 209

PPM, 67

sites format, 68

TARGA, 67

TIFF, 67

XYZ ASCII, 68 false color composite, 89, 212 false easting, 17 false northing, 17

FCELL raster type, 55

feature extraction, 268 feature space, 213, 243, 245

fiducial marks, 255 field representation, 8 filter area sizes, 93 filters

spatial convolution, 234 FIPS, 44, 79 fire application, 120 flow accumulation, 290

flow path, 315

flow routing algorithm

D-infinity, 125, 315

D8 (SFD), 312

MFD, 125

bivariate, 125

D8 (SFD), 124

flowline density, 291 format

ARC/INFO Binary GRID, 59

ASCII raster, 59

binary raster, 60 CEOS, 208 DTED, 60 DXF, 74, 80 E00, 71, 79

GeoTIFF, 383 GIF animated, 193

GIF, 61

GRASS ASCII vector, 73, 79

GSHHS, 77

HDF, 208

JPEG, 61

MPEG, 193

PNM, 61

SDTS, 73, 79

SHAPE, 78, 199, 356, 383

SVG, 199

TIFF, 61

UNGENERATE, 72, 79

USGS DOQ, 60 fractal dimension, 127 Free Software, 2, 4, 271 freedom of software, 2 FreeGIS project, 2, 25, 327 frequency domain, 233 g.copy, 93, 139, 297 , 306 g.list, 29 g.mapsets, 33 g.mlist, 32 g.mremove, 32 g.parser, 279 g.projinfo, 38, 42

g.region, 38, 42, 56, 67, 76-77 , 89, 108, 120, 123, 127, 143, 157, 169, 186, 210, 290, 293, 295, 299

g.rename, 104

g.setproj, 58, 282 g3.createwind, 57, 172, 174

g3.list, 174 g3.region, 57 g3.setregion, 57, 174 gain level, 223

gain, 222

Gauss-Boaga Grid System, 17, 75 Gauss-Kruger Grid System, 17, 19 GCPs, 75, 205

identification, 216-217 GDAL library, 12, 49, 57, 206, 223 GDAL, 49

libgrass support, 356 gdalinfo, 49, 206, 223, 229 gdalwarp, 49 gdal translate, 49 geocoding

checking accuracy, 221 geodetic datum See also map datum, 15 geographic coordinates, 14 geoid, 15

geomorphology, 126 geoR package, 344 georeferenced map, 13 GeoTIFF format

import, 58, 206 ghostscript, 198 GIF format

import, 61

gimp, 62, 179, 189, 259

GIS functionality, 12

data integration, 13

image processing, 13

network analysis, 13

spatial analysis, 13

visualization, 13 GIS

attribute component, 7

concepts, 7

Internet based, 12

object oriented concept, 12

simulations, 13

spatial component, 7

Web mapping, 356

GISDBASE, 25

GLCF Maryland, 49, 207

GLOBE DEM format

import, 60 gmake53, 284

Gmakefile, 284 GMT format

import, 60 gnumeric, 78 gnuplot, 328 GPL, 2-3, 271

GPS data handling, 354

gps manager, 354 GPS, 20, 216, 267, 312 gpsbabel, 355 gpspoint, 355 gpstrans, 355 gradient filters, 234, 236

graphical output See also GRASS, monitor, 30 graphical output, 177 GRASS 5. 7, 23, 131

GRASS ASCII vector format

export, 79 import, 73

GRASS Development Model, 3

GRASS Development Team, 4

GRASS license See also GPL, 3

GRASS startup screen, 35, 39 GRASS, 3

binaries, 24

code distribution, 23

coupling external software, 273

CVS, 272

data portability, 55

DATABASE, 25, 35

datum transformation, 46, 49 documentation, 25 end session, 31 file management, 31 floating point values, 100

GRASS ADDON PATH, 275

install script, 25 location check, 38, 42

LOCATION, 25 mailing lists, 25, 271 MAPSET, 25 modular concept, 273 monitor, 30

networked access (NFS), 26 PERMANENT mapset, 38, 42

GRASS

programming environment, 271 in C language, 282 level of integration, 273 scripts, 274 XML, 273 raster data precision, 54 source code, 24 grass53, 29, 35, 39 grid cells, 9 grid points, 9

grid resolution, 38, 41, 56, 61 GRID3D raster type, 54 ground control points

See also GCPs, 216 ground truth areas, 248 GSHHS format

import, 77 gstat, 156, 328

GRASS support, 329

kriging, 329

site data, 330

variables, 329

variogram, 329 GTOPO30 DEM format

import, 60 gtv, 194

gully, 171

erosion risk, 296 gv, 198

hardcopy maps, 196 hardware acceleration, 195 haze effects, 224

head, 367

head.$ARCH file, 285 heads-up digitizing, 131 high pass filtering, 234 histogram, 210

history file See also r.info, 166 history file, 90 history, 274

HTML image maps See also driver, 182 hue, 238

hyperspectral data, 232 hypsometric integral, 341 i.class, 244, 248-249 i.cluster, 244-245 i.composite, 239 i.fft, 233

i.gensig, 244, 250

i.gensigset, 244, 2.51, 268

i.group, 64, 66, 215, 217, 245 i.his.rgb, 238

i.ifft, 233

i.image.mosaic, 116

i.in.erdas, 207

i.maxlik, 244-246, 250

i.oif, 239 i.ortho.photo, 260

i.out.erdas, 209

i.pca, 233

i.points, 64, 66-67 i.rectify, 65-67, 216, 219

i.rgb.his, 238, 240

i.smap, 244, 251, 268

i.target, 64, 67, 217

i.tm.dehaze, 224 i.vpoints, 219 if-conditions, 102, 111

IHS color model, 237

IHS color transformation, 180 IHS image fusion, 239 image enhancements, 231 image formats, 61 image fusion, 237

Brovey transformation, 241

IHS transformation, 239

image groups, 64, 214 image overlay

into new map, 115 image processing, 13 image pyramid, 251, 268 image ratios, 231 image segmentation

preprocessing, 234 image sharpening, 234 Imagery data set, 206, 208 import

ARC/INFO Binary GRID, 59

ASCII raster, 59

AVHRR, 60 BIL, 60, 206 binary arrays, 60 BSQ, 206 CEOS, 206 DTED, 60

ERDAS/LAN, 206 Etopo-5 DEM, 60

GeoTIFF, 58, 206 GIF, 61

GLOBE DEM, 60

GMT, 60

GTOPO30 DEM, 60 JPEG, 61 PNG, 61, 206 PNM, 61